Seismic Efficiency and Seismic Moment for Small Craters on Mars Formed in the Layered Uppermost Crust

Seismic activity generated by impacts depends on impact conditions and properties of the site. Here, we combined mapping regolith thickness with numerical simulations to better estimate seismic efficiency moment in small events uppermost crust Mars. We used crater morphology determine that craters formed in. found local late Amazonian units is between 4 9 m. Combined previous estimates for NASA InSight landing site, composed a more realistic analog implemented it simulations. estimated Mars impacting non-porous or fractured bedrock overlaid 5, 10, 15 m thick regolith. energy showed dependence target properties. Three orders magnitude were produced stronger targets. The does not depend properties, confirm almost proportional momentum. resulting agreement up factor different types. improved scaling relationships developed from approximations constraining its